What is the environmental impact of economic growth? 

The results of economic growth––increased output and consumption––can equate to detrimental effects on the environment. The impact includes global warming, potential loss of environmental habitats, higher levels of pollution, increased consumption of non-renewable resources, and more. Let’s take a look at some outcomes  in depth:

1: Higher Levels of Pollution

As economic activity rises, so does pollution, which is measured by CO2 emissions. Increased consumption of fossil fuels also leads to higher levels of pollution, resulting in poor air quality and soot. However, there are actions taken to limit the negative aftermaths; for instance,the Clean Air Acts limit the burning of coal in city centres. 

Scientists have also stated that the accumulation of CO2 emissions contribute to global warming and turbulence. Moreover, the spread of pollution can damage land and seas as well as cause health problems. 

2: Loss of Biodiversity 

Economic growth leads to resource depletion and habitat transformation. Therefore, it can also lead to the loss of biodiversity. 

3: Long-term Toxins

Economic growth generates long-term waste and toxins. An example of this would be plastic; economic growth has led to the increased use of plastic. Because plastic is a type of material that when disposed of does not degrade, it has a destructive impact on the seas––not just the habitat but also to the wildlife. 

However, not all aspects of economic growth are harmful towards the environment. With a greater average income, individuals are more willing to spend resources to protect the environment and alleviate the influence of pollution.

There’s even a theory that up to a certain point, economic growth worsens the environment, but after that the economy can lead to a better environment. For instance, both the United States and the United Kingdom have reduced CO2 emissions since the 1980s. 

Additionally, an economy with higher average incomes can promote cleaner technology that limits air pollution. 

Overall, to answer the question, the economy can have both positive and negative environmental impacts. There are plenty of theories going around on the relationship between the two. 

Citation: 

Pettinger, Tejvan. “Environmental Impact of Economic Growth.” Economics Help, 29 Mar. 2019, www.economicshelp.org/blog/145989/economics/environmental-impact-of-economic-growth/.

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Architecture+Sustainability+Economics